Prospecting At The Washington State Library

From Washington Geological Survey,
Bulletin No. 1, Geology and Ore Deposits of Republic Mining District, 1910.

Over the years, beginning in about 1910, several agencies—including the Washington Geological Survey and the USGS—published a variety of reports describing the mines, minerals, and geology of different localities in the state of Washington.  These long-out-of-print booklets contain a wealth of information about the various minerals found in the state and the mining operations that worked to extract them.

Thanks to the Washington State Library, many of these works have been digitized and are available on the library's website.  Access is free and the documents can be downloaded as PDFs, enabling one to build a collection of this information.

In addition, most of these publications contain a bibliography listing related works that may be worth searching for.

Searching the Washington State Library is easy:

1.  Navigate to the library's website at https://www.sos.wa.gov/library/catalog.aspx.

2.  Select "Title" in the "Search By:" drop-down box and type a few likely title words in the "Search Words:" box.  Then select "Digital Collection" in the "Search In:" section under "Additional Options."

3.  Click on the blue "Search" button to the right of your "Search Words" entry.

4.  Click on one of the titles displayed in the search results.

5.  On the page that loads, click on "View online from Washington State Library" to access the document.

On this page, you will have the option to read the document, download it as a PDF, or print a copy of it.

You can also search by keywords which usually turns up a large selection of documents.  Sometimes, you will see a listing like the one below with a link titled, "Website."  Clicking on this link will usually take you to a PDF of the selected item.

The publications available from the Washington State Library will allow you to learn a great deal about the history of mining in Washington (and in other locations as well).  In addition, you will find information about locations and occurrences for a large variety of minerals as well as details about the mining operations that recovered them.

WARNING:  Should you decide to visit any of the old mines or prospects described in this literature, be sure you have permission to visit the property if it is under private ownership, as many of them are.  Also, DO NOT ENTER MINE WORKINGS!  They are extremely dangerous places.  The hazards are too numerous to list but include cave-ins, sharp objects, toxic gases, corrosive waters, wild animals, and vertical shafts, the openings to which can be in the floor of the tunnel and, hidden under debris, could send you plunging straight down for several hundred feet and going "splat" at the bottom.  STAY OUT!

To assist you on future visits to the WSM blog, the link to the Washington State Library search page has been added to the right-hand sidebar under "Prospecting Aids."

Have fun and be safe.

When Push Comes to Crunch in the Mining Realm

 

Photo by Eric Ortner from Pexels

It seems that decades of warfare against mining operations in the U. S. by eco-terrorists in Congress, state legislatures, and the enforcement arms of various agencies has led our country to an untenable position.  There are approximately three dozen key minerals that we need to maintain our present level of technology—namely cell phones, computers, solar and wind power systems, etc.  At the same time, the majority of federal lands have become off-limits to mineral exploration and development.

A key example of this situation is what has happened to placer mining for gold, in particular concerning the use of the motorized suction dredge.  This one device is surely the most effective and efficient way to recover gold from stream-bed deposits.  Over the years, state agencies—notably here in Washington—have placed limits on its employment.  First, came restrictions on the physical characteristics of the machine itself—nozzle size, intake screen specifications, etc.  Later, restrictions were placed on precisely when and where it could be used.  Then, there were the permits—Hydraulic Project Authorizations (or HPAs)—that the operator needed to acquire.  Finally, the use of the suction dredge was limited to those portions of those streams that are known to carry NO gold.  In this way, the use of the motorized suction dredge was effectively outlawed without the need to enact such a law.

These developments bring us to the situation we face today.  Although the anti-mining agenda is still in full swing, the changing mineral needs of our society may well soon force a change in mining policy.  Not only do we need the specialty minerals mentioned above to maintain our existing technologies, but they will be even more necessary if the leftists' loony visions of a "green energy" and "zero-carbon" future are to have any chance of happening at all.  Moreover, the need for domestic production of these minerals is underscored by the fact that we are currently dependent on an increasingly hostile China for these resources.  And, while other countries also produce these materials, many are also politically unstable, and none too friendly either.  Thus it seems there is a possible future for the small-scale miner in prospecting for things other than gold.

Now, lest you think that your poor, old blogger has gone "green-in-the-head," and now embraces the pie-in-the-sky nonsense of so-called "renewable energy" touted by wokesters, leftists, and their assorted fellow travelers, I wish to assure you that is not the case.  But, when fate hands you a winning lottery ticket, you'd be a fool not to cash it in.  So, with that caveat out of the way, allow me to proceed.

The minerals deemed necessary for the continued security of the United States are, according to the U. S. Geological Survey, the following:

Aluminum

Antimony

Arsenic

Barite

Beryllium

Cesium

Chromium

Cobalt

Fluorspar

Gallium

Germanium

Graphite

Hafnium

Helium

Indium

Lithium

Magnesium

Manganese

Niobium

Platinum group metals*

Potash

Rare earth elements group**

Rhenium

Rubidium

Scandium

Strontium

Tantalum

Tin

Titanium

Tungsten

Uranium

Vanadium

Zirconium

*  The Platinum group metals consist of the elements Platinum, Palladium, Osmium, Iridium, Ruthenium, and Rhodium.

**  The Rare earth elements group consists of the elements Scandium, Yttrium, Cerium, Dysprosium, Europium, Lanthanum, Neodynium, and Terbium.

A wealth of detailed information about these minerals is available through the links in the list at the USGS web page here.

While not as obvious to the eye nor as "easy" to locate as gold, the above minerals DO occur and CAN be found by prospectors who make the effort to educate themselves accordingly.  Some of the links in the right-hand column of this blog will be of help in researching, identifying, and locating deposits of these minerals, both in Washington and elsewhere.  For example, a search of the Mineral Resources Data System for occurrences of Beryllium in Washington returns 26 matches.  A similar search for Zirconium returns 15 matches.  Information related to mineral properties and identification can be found at the links for Mindat.org and the Mineralogy Database.

Although the WSM has been primarily focused on prospecting for and recovering placer gold—and that will continue to be the case—it is my intent to, from time to time, include articles on prospecting for other elements and minerals.